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Naval War College Review

Authors

Thomas Nichols

Abstract

Even before the United States and its al- lies embarked on war in Iraq in 2003, the question of whether it is acceptable to strike enemies without clear provo- cation was an increasingly vexing one to policy makers, academics, and legal ex- perts. “Preemptive war” (attacking an enemy who is clearly about to strike you first) has always been an acceptable response to a dire and clear threat. But “preventive war” (striking a potential enemy while circumstances are favor- able to the attacker, or striking in early anticipation of a possible, or even only theoretical, threat) has traditionally been regarded in the international community as not only unwise but immoral.

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